To identify the genes and pathways regulated by FOXF2, we investigated potential FOXF2 gene targets by microarray analyses of primary prostate stromal cells (PrSC) in which FOXF2 was knocked down by siRNA. 190 differentially expressed genes were selected, of which 104 genes were more highly expressed in PrSC cells treated with FOXF2 siRNA and 86 were more highly expressed in PRSC cells treated with negative control siRNA.
The FOXF2 pathway in the human prostate stroma.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesSubjects with incidental Lewy body disease (iLBD) may represent the premotor stage of Parkinsons disease (PD). To identify molecular mechanisms underlying neuronal dysfunction and alpha--synuclein pathology in the premotor phase of PD, we investigated the transcriptome of post-mortem substantia nigra (SN) of iLBD, PD donors and age-matched controls with Braak alpha--synuclein stage ranging from 0-6. In Braak alpha--synuclein stages 1 and 2, we observed deregulation of pathways linked to axonal degeneration, unfolded protein response (UPR), immune response and endocytosis, including axonal guidance signaling, protein kinase A signaling, mTOR signaling, EIF2 signaling and clathrin-mediated endocytosis. In Braak stages 3 and 4, we observed a deregulation in pathways involved in protein translation and cell survival, including mTOR and EIF2 signaling. In Braak stages 5 and 6, we observed deregulation of pathways such as dopaminergic signaling, axonal guidance signaling and thrombin signaling. Throughout the progression of PD pathology, we observed a deregulation of mTOR, EIF2 and regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K signaling in the SN. This implicates that molecular mechanisms related to UPR, axonal dysfunction, endocytosis and immune response are an early event in PD pathology, and may hold the key to altering the disease progression in PD.
Evidence for Immune Response, Axonal Dysfunction and Reduced Endocytosis in the Substantia Nigra in Early Stage Parkinson's Disease.
Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage
View SamplesBackground: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is driven by somatic mutations and genomic rearrangements affecting >20 genes. Many of these are recent discoveries and how this molecular heterogeneity dictates AML pathophysiology and clinical outcome remains unclear. Methods: We sequenced 111 leukemia genes for driver mutations in 1540 AML patients with cytogenetic and clinical data. We modeled AMLs genomic structure, defining genetic interactions, patterns of temporal evolution and clinical correlations. Results: We identified 5,236 driver mutations involving 77 loci, including hotspot mutations in MYC. We found 1 driver mutation in 96% patients, and 2 in 85%. Gene mutations implicated in age related clonal hematopoiesis (DNMT3A, ASXL1, TET2) were the earliest in AML evolution, followed by highly specific and ordered patterns of co-mutation in chromatin, transcription and splicing regulators, NPM1 and signaling genes. The patterns of co-mutation compartmentalize AML into 12 discrete molecular classes, each presenting with distinct clinical manifestation. Amongst these, mutations in chromatin and spliceosome genes demarcate a molecularly heterogeneous subgroup enriched for older AML patients currently classified as intermediate risk and results in adverse prognosis. Two- and three-way genetic interactions often implicating rare genes/mutation-hotspots, markedly redefined clinical response and long-term curability, with the NPM1:DNMT3A:FLT3ITD genotype (6% patients) identifying poor prognosis disease, whereas within the same class NPM1:DNMT3A:NRASG12/13 (3%) associated with favorable outlooks. Conclusions: 79% of AML is molecularly classified in 12 genomic subgroups. These represent distinct molecular phylogenies, implicating complex genotypes. Delineation of higher-order genomic relationships, guide the development of personally tailored classification, prognostication and clinical protocols. Similar studies across cancer types are warranted.
Genomic Classification and Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Specimen part, Disease
View SamplesCap analysis of gene expression (CAGE) and massive parallel sequencing were used to profile the promoterome of aged human brains from five regions, namely: caudate, frontal cortex, hippocampus, putamen and temporal cortex. Overall design: 25 RNA libraries from post-mortem brain tissue (five caudate, five frontal, 5 hippocampus, 5 putamen, five temporal RNA libraries from seven individuals) were processed using CAGE protocol and CAGE tags derived from the 25 libraries were sequenced with Illumina.
Regional differences in gene expression and promoter usage in aged human brains.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesThis Series represents the gene expression profiles of patients with multiple myeloma who have been treated previously. In brief, Total Therapy 6 (TT6) is an open label phase 2 protocol for patients with symptomatic multiple myeloma, who had been treated with more than one cycle of prior therapy excluding autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. This protocol was approved by the institutional review board on March 25, 2009 (IRB#108053). The TT6 treatment regimen consists of induction therapy with Melphalan/Bortezomib/Thalidomide/Dexamethasone/Cisplatin/Doxorubicin/Cyclophosphamide/Etoposide (M-VTD-PACE) followed by a high dose M-VTD-PACE based tandem transplant. Maintenance therapy consists of Bortezomib/Lenalidomide/Dexamethasone alternating with Borteomib/Melphalan/Dexamethasone every months for 3 years.
Five gene probes carry most of the discriminatory power of the 70-gene risk model in multiple myeloma.
Specimen part, Disease, Treatment
View SamplesLeukemias that harbor translocations involving the mixed lineage leukemia gene (MLL) possess unique biological characteristics and often have an unfavorable prognosis. Gene expression analyses demonstrate a distinct profile for MLL-rearranged leukemias with consistent high-level expression of select Homeobox genes including HOXA9. Here, we investigated the effects of HOXA9 suppression in MLL-rearranged and MLL-germline leukemias utilizing RNAi. Gene expression profiling after HOXA9 suppression demonstrated co-downregulation of a program highly expressed in human MLL-AML (this study) and murine MLL-leukemia (Krivtsov et al. 2006) stem cells including HOXA10, MEIS1, PBX3 and MEF2C. Our data indicates an important role for HOXA9 in human MLL-rearranged leukemias, and suggests targeting HOXA9 or downstream programs may be a novel therapeutic option.
HOXA9 is required for survival in human MLL-rearranged acute leukemias.
No sample metadata fields
View SamplesUndifferentiated and differentiated Keratinocytes (AG1478 treated) were stained with antibody-RNA conjugates to measure protein-based diffrentiation changes in conjunction with single-cell transcriptomics. The cells were crosslinked and stained according to the RAID procedure to allow intracellular immunostaining. Antibodies used in this experiment are (TGM1, NOTCH1, KLK6, JAG1, phospho-RPS6, phospho-FAK). Overall design: Three 384 wells plates for untreated and Three 384 wells plates for AG1478 treated cells were processed for single cell transcriptomics
Combined quantification of intracellular (phospho-)proteins and transcriptomics from fixed single cells.
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesCell fixation, permeabilization and antibody staining of could have adverse effects on the quality of single cell transcriptomics data. To assess the effects of the RAID procedure, which includes such steps, we performed a direct comparison of single cell transcriptomics by CELseq2 using unfixed and RAID-processed cells. Quality measures (gene complexity, gene detection rate, average gene expression) were performed using 40000 samples UMI counts per cell. Overall design: Single cells were sorted in 96, wells plates. Per condition (unfixed or RAID) three sets (A,B,C) of 48 cells were processed with the CELseq2 protocol.
Combined quantification of intracellular (phospho-)proteins and transcriptomics from fixed single cells.
Specimen part, Subject
View SamplesUndifferentiated and differentiated Keratinocytes (AG1478 treated) were stained with antibody-RNA conjugates (targeting EGFR and ITGA6) to measure protein-based differentiation changes in conjunction with single-cell transcriptomics. Overall design: Two 384 wells plates for untreated and two 384 wells plates for AG1478 treated cells were processed for single cell transcriptomics.
Combined quantification of intracellular (phospho-)proteins and transcriptomics from fixed single cells.
Specimen part, Treatment, Subject
View SamplesCalorie restriction (CR) is a dietary regimen that supports healthy aging. In this study we investigated the systemic and liver-specific responses caused by a diet switch to a medium-fat (MF) diet in 24-month-old life-long, CR-exposed mice. This study aimed to increase the knowledge base on dietary alterations of gerontological relevance. Nine-week-old C57BL/6J mice were exposed either to a control, CR or MF diet. At the age of 24 months, a subset of mice of the CR group was transferred to ad libitum MF feeding (CR-MF).The mice were sacrificed at the age of 28 months, then biochemical and molecular analyses were performed. Our results showed that, despite the long-term exposure to the CR regimen, mice in the CR-MF group displayed hyperphagia, rapid weight gain, and hepatic steatosis. However, no hepatic fibrosis/injury or alteration in CR-improved survival was observed in the diet switch group. The liver transcriptomic profile of CR-MF mice largely shifted to a profile similar to the MF-fed animals but leaving ~22% of the 1578 differentially regulated genes between the CR and MF diet groups comparable with the expression of the life-long CR group. Therefore, although the diet switch was performed at an old age, the CR-MF-exposed mice showed plasticity in coping with the challenge of a MF diet without developing severe liver pathologies.
Plasticity of lifelong calorie-restricted C57BL/6J mice in adapting to a medium-fat diet intervention at old age.
Sex
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