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GSE50010
Homo sapiens
8 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix HT HG-U133+ PM Array Plate (hthgu133pluspm)
Description
Tumor metastasis and lack of NKG2D ligand (NKG2DL) expression are associated with poor prognosis in patients with colon cancer. Here we found that spironolactone (SPIR), an FDA-approved diuretic drug with a long-term safety profile, can upregulate NKG2DL expression in multiple colon cancer cell lines by activating the ATM-Chk2-mediated checkpoint pathway, which in turn enhances tumor elimination by natural killer cells. SPIR can also upregulate the expression of metastasis-suppressor genes TIMP2 and TIMP3, thereby reducing tumor cell invasiveness. Although SPIR is an aldosterone antagonist, its anti-tumor effects are independent of the mineralocorticoid receptor pathway. Instead, by screening the human nuclear hormone receptor siRNA library, we identify retinoid X receptor gamma (RXR gamma) as being indispensable for the anti-tumor functions of SPIR. Collectively, our results strongly support the use of SPIR or other RXR gamma-agonists with minimal side effects for colon cancer prevention and therapy.
Publication Title
Modulation of NKG2D ligand expression and metastasis in tumors by spironolactone via RXRγ activation.
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Sample Metadata Fields
Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
We have employed whole genome microarray expression profiling to identify genes differentially expressed in cord blood purified neutrophils after a short-term exposure to peptidoglycan (PGN).
Publication Title
Expression profile of cord blood neutrophils and dysregulation of HSPA1A and OLR1 upon challenge by bacterial peptidoglycan.
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Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 17 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box protein family member 2 (TOX2) is a transcription factor belonging to the TOX family that shares a highly conserved high mobility group DNA binding domain with the other TOX members. While TOX1 has been shown to be an essential regulator of T-cell and natural killer (NK) cell differentiation in mice, little is known about the roles of the other TOX family members in lymphocyte development, particularly in humans. In this study, we found that TOX2 was preferentially expressed in mature human NK cells and was upregulated during in vitro differentiation of NK cells from human umbilical cord blood (UCB)derived CD34+ cells. Gene silencing of TOX2 intrinsically hindered the transition between early developmental stages of NK cells, while overexpression of TOX2 enhanced the development of mature NK cells from UCB CD34+ cells. We subsequently found that TOX2 was independent of ETS-1 but could directly upregulate the transcription of TBX21 (encoding T-BET). Overexpression of T-BET rescued the TOX2 knockdown phenotypes. Given the essential function of T-BET in NK cell differentiation, TOX2 therefore plays a crucial role in controlling normal NK cell development by acting upstream of TBX21 transcriptional regulation.
Publication Title
TOX2 regulates human natural killer cell development by controlling T-BET expression.
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Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 4000
Description
We explored the connection between C/EBPa (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a) and Wnt signaling in gut homeostasis and carcinogenesis. C/EBPa was expressed in human and murine intestinal epithelia in the transit amplifying region of the crypts and was absent in intestinal stem cells and Paneth cells with activated Wnt signaling. In human colorectal cancer and murine APCMin/+ polyps, C/EBPa was absent from nuclear ß-catenin–positive tumor cells. In chemically induced intestinal carcinogenesis, C/EBPa KO in murine gut epithelia increased tumor volume. C/EBPa deletion extended the S-phase cell zone in intestinal organoids and activated typical proliferation gene expression signatures, including that of Wnt target genes. Genetic activation of ß-catenin in organoids attenuated C/EBPa expression. Comparing gene expression of wild type and C/EBPa KO organoids by RNA sequencing aimed to identify C/EBPa dependent alterations in gene expression. Overall design: These data suggest homeostatic and oncogenic suppressor functions of C/EBPa in the gut by restricting Wnt signaling.
Publication Title
A C/EBPα-Wnt connection in gut homeostasis and carcinogenesis.
Alternate Accession IDs
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
Though it is well established that immunological functions of CD4+ T cells are time of day-dependent, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely obscure. To address the question whether T cells themselves harbor a functional clock driving circadian rhythms of immune function, we analyzed clock gene expression and immune responses of CD4+ T cells purified from blood of healthy subjects at different time points throughout the day. Circadian clock function as well as immune function was further analyzed in cultivated T cells and circadian clock reporter systems. We found robust rhythms of clock gene expression as well as, after stimulation, of IFN-g production and CD40L expression in both freshly isolated and in cultured CD4+ T cells. Moreover, circadian luciferase reporter activities in CD4+ T cells and in thymic sections from PER2::LUCIFERASE reporter mice suggest that endogenous T cell clock rhythms are self-sustained under constant culture conditions. Microarray analysis of stimulated CD4+ T cell cultures revealed a rhythmic regulation of the NF-kB pathway as a candidate mechanism regulating circadian immune responses. Collectively, these data demonstrate for the first time that CD4+ T cell responses are regulated by an intrinsic cellular circadian oscillator capable of driving rhythmic adaptive immune responses in vitro and in vivo.
Publication Title
Circadian clocks in mouse and human CD4+ T cells.
Alternate Accession IDs
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- NextSeq 500
Description
Single cell RNA sequencing of murine circulating blood monocytes under steady state conditions. 2 plates of cx3cr1-cre:rosa26YFP monocytes and 4 plates (3 plates total monocytes and 1 plate Ly6Cint monocytes) were pre-enriched by CD115-biotin MACS and afterwards FACS sorted. Overall design: Indexed FACS sorting in 384well plates followed by MARS-Seq (Jaitin et al., Science 2014).
Publication Title
Genomic Characterization of Murine Monocytes Reveals C/EBPβ Transcription Factor Dependence of Ly6C<sup>-</sup> Cells.
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Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part, Cell line, Subject
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 9 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (mogene10st)
Description
Murine MafB/c-MAF double KO (Maf-DKO) primary macrophages are known for their unlimited non-tumorigenic self-renewal ability (Aziz et al., 2009). In an in vitro screen for cytokines and small molecules we identified Niacinamide (NAM) a potent inhibitor of their proliferative potential characterized by a reversible cell cycle arrest.
Publication Title
SIRT1 regulates macrophage self-renewal.
Alternate Accession IDs
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Analysis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC, LSK Flt3-) and myeloid progenitors (MP, LK CD34+) sorted from wildtype and Dnmt1 hypomorph mice
Publication Title
DNA methylation protects hematopoietic stem cell multipotency from myeloerythroid restriction.
Alternate Accession IDs
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Danio rerio
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Zebrafish Genome Array (zebrafish)
Description
Eye development and photoreceptor maintenance requires the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a thin layer of cells that underlies the neural retina. Despite its importance, RPE development has not been studied by a genomic approach. A microarray expression profiling methodology was established in this study for studying RPE development. The intact retina with RPE attached was dissected from developing embryos, and differentially expressed genes in RPE were inferred by comparing the dissected tissues with retinas without RPE using microarray and statistical analyses. We found 8810 probesets to be significantly expressed in RPE at 52 hours post-fertilization (hpf), of which 1443 might have biologically meaningful expression levels. Further, 78 and 988 probesets were found to be significantly over- or under-expressed in RPE respectively compared to retina. Also, 79.2% (38/48) of the known over-expressed probesets have been independently validated as RPE-related transcripts. The results strongly suggest that this methodology can obtain in vivo RPE specific gene expression from the zebrafish embryos and identify novel RPE markers.
Publication Title
Gene expression profiling of zebrafish embryonic retinal pigment epithelium in vivo.
Alternate Accession IDs
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Danio rerio
- 24 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Zebrafish Genome Array (zebrafish)
Description
Retinal cells are specified in a zebrafish recessive mutant called young (yng) but they fail to terminally differentiate; i.e. extend neurites and make synaptic contacts. A point mutation in a brahma-related gene 1 (brg1) is responsible for this phenotype. In this microarray study, a three-factor factorial design was utilized to investigate the effects of 1) mutation, 2) change in time (36 vs. 52hpf), and 3) change in tissue (retina vs. whole embryos), and their interactions on gene expression. Significant probesets were inferred by using both specific contrasts of the fitted Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) models and a corresponding 2-fold expression cutoff. The probesets were grouped into three broad categories: 1) Brg1-regulated retinal differentiation genes (731 probsets), 2) Retinal specific genes but independent of Brg1 regulation (3038 probesets) and 3) Genes regulated by Brg1 but outside the retina (107 probesets). Four gene groups/pathways including neurite outgrowth regulators, Delta-Notch signalling molecules, Irx family members and specific cell cycle regulators were identified in the first group, and their relevance for retinal differentiation functionally validated. This study demonstrates that an approach such as ours can identify relevant genes and pathways involved in retinal development as well as the development of other tissues at the same time.
Publication Title
Factorial microarray analysis of zebrafish retinal development.
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Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
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