Gene expression profiles of breast cancer subtypes are detectable in histologically normal breast epithelium

Background: We hypothesize that important genomic differences between breast cancer subtypes occur early in carcinogenesis. Therefore, gene expression might distinguish histologically normal breast epithelium (NlEpi) from breasts containing estrogen receptor positive (ER+) compared with estrogen receptor negative (ER-) cancers.

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Graham K, Ge X, de Las Morenas A, Tripathi A, Rosenberg CL