Human CD4+ memory T cells are preferential targets for bystander activation and apoptosis

There is much evidence that T cells may be activated via mechanisms which act independently of direct TCR ligation. Despite this, the question of whether such forms of bystander T cell activation occur during immune responses is hotly debated.

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Bangs SC, Baban D, Cattan HJ, Li CK, McMichael AJ, Xu XN