Expression data during differentiation from mouse embryonic stem cells with or without PKA activation

The rate of cell differentiation is tightly controlled and critical for normal development and stem cell differentiation. However, so far it has been difficult to control the rate of ESCs differentiation. Here we report the acceleration of the differentiation rate due to the activation of protein kinase A (PKA) and the associated early loss of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) pluripotency markers and the early appearance of mesodermal and other germ layer cell markers.

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Minakawa T, Kanki Y, Nakamura K, Yamashita JK